In Somalia the maternal mortality rate is 1 to 14

The violence, the deterioration of the health system and poverty are the Afghanistan the most dangerous countries in the world for women, according to a study coordinated by TrustLaw, an entity of the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo, where the rape reached alarming proportions, Pakistan, Somalia and the India follow in this world ranking on criteria ranging from domestic violence and economic discrimination to selective abortion or female genital mutilation.

"The conflict underway, NATO air strikes and cultural practices combined make the Afghanistan a very dangerous country for women," said Antonella Notari, head who leads the group Women Change Makers, a collective of women entrepreneurs in the world.

"In addition, women who attempt to speak or perform public functions who defy the persistent stereotypes, establishing what is acceptable for women and what is not, for example by working as a police or presenter of television, are often victims of bullying or even murdered", she adds.

TrustLaw interviewed 213 "gender studies" experts, experts in social roles and economic attributed to men and women, on six criteria: health, sexual violence, violence in non-sexual, cultural or religious factors economic resources and traffic.

ACCESS TO CARE

"It is necessary to comply with all the dangers to which women are exposed, all risks that face women and girls," notes Elisabeth Roesch, the International Rescue Committee in Washington. Discriminant practices, believes, are perhaps one of the media, but can be as significant as bombs, bullets, stonings or systematic rape in war zone.

"If a woman cannot avoir in the care system, because EC is not regarded as a priority, this can lead to a situation very dangerous also", explains.

Illustration in Afghanistan: according to figures compiled by Unicef in its report on the Situation of children in the world, the maternal mortality rate, i.e. the risk for a woman to die during pregnancy or giving birth to a child, is of 1 to 11, is the highest in the world (in comparison, it is an average of 1 of 210 in Asia and 1 in 6.600 in France).

The Afghanistan is still distinguished by the rate of analphétisme women (87) and forced marriages, but concern between 70 and 80 of girls and women.

In Somalia, deprived of any real state structure for 20 years, health, ou the lack of health care system, is also endangering the women.

"The most dangerous thing that could happen to a woman in Somalia is to become pregnant." "When a woman is pregnant, her life becomes 50 - 50 because there is not at all care antenatal, hospitals, care step step, nothing", says the Somali Minister of women, Maryan Qasim. In Somalia, the maternal mortality rate is 1 to 14.

RAPE AND SELECTIVE ABORTIONS

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), theatre of war and a humanitarian catastrophe which has been up to 5.4 million course between 1998 and 2003, comes in second in this black list of the most dangerous countries for mainly because of the rape women who are practised.

A recent study by American researchers found that more than 400,000 women were raped there each year (see).

"The DRC figures are very revealing: an ongoing conflict, the use of rape as a weapon, the recruitment of women as soldiers which are also used as sexual slaves", note Clementina Cantoni, who works in Pakistan for the humanitarian program ECHO of the European Commission. "The fact that the Government is corrupt and that the rights of women are very low in the order of priorities mean that they very little, or no possibility of recourse to justice."

In Pakistan, they are primarily cultural, tribal and religious practices that affect women. According to the figures of the National Commission for the rights of man, a thousand of women and girls are victims each year as "crimes of honour".

For its part, the India is stigmatized for the high number of "selective abortions" and infanticide. Because girls are considered as economic weight, families prefer abortion when they discover that the fetus is female.

The United Nations population Fund figure 50 million the number of "missing girls" India over the last hundred years. Recent studies suggest the figure of 12 million over the past 30 years.

Indian women are also very exposed to traffic in its different forms. In 2009, Madhukar Gupta, then Minister of the Interior, had put forward a figure of 100 million people, mainly women and girls, victims of trafficking (prostitution, forced labour, forced marriage).

"It is true that the South Asian in General, do not give value to their daughters, which is clearly in the evolution of the ratio boys/girls in India," said Meenakshi Ganguly, Director for Asia of the organization Human Rights Watch (HRW)

"This is in large part to a feudal tradition, where the wires were the heirs as well as those who had the burden of the elderly." "But since then, this is rooted in attitudes, and women are simply regarded as of lower," added.